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Meiosis, division of a germ cell involving two fissions of the nucleus and giving rise to four gametes, or sex cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell Meiosis is the nuclear division that forms haploid cells from diploid cells, and it employs many of the same cellular mechanisms as mitosis. The process of meiosis is characteristic of organisms that reproduce sexually and have a diploid set of chromosomes in the nucleus.
The daughter cells are haploid (n), having half of the chromosome number of the original cell, which is diploid (2n) Diploid organisms inherit one copy of each homologous chromosome from each genetic contributor Meiosis produces sex cells, while mitosis replicates cells from growth and repair.
During meiosis one cell divides twice to form four daughter cells
Meiosis can be divided into nine stages. To achieve half the number of chromosomes, the germ cells (the cells that form sperm and eggs) undergo a process called meiosis In human meiosis, each of the resulting cells has only one of each of your 23 chromosome pairs instead of 23 complete pairs of chromosomes. Human sex cells, like eggs and sperm, have only half the number of chromosomes because when they combine during fertilization, they create a new cell with the full set of chromosomes.
The formation of sex cells is a central part of human reproduction In fertilization, an egg cell and a sperm cell combine These sex cells are also called reproductive cells or gametes Sperm cells are produced in men's testicles and egg cells are produced in women's ovaries
Sex cells are different from other cells in one special way
Put simply, they only have one half of the total amount. Meiosis is a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes (the sex cells, or egg and sperm) In humans, body (or somatic) cells are diploid, containing two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent) To maintain this state, the egg and sperm that unite during fertilization must be haploid, with a single set of chromosomes
Gametes are specialized sex cells that contain half the number of chromosomes of the parent In humans, the female gamete is called an ovum or egg, while the male gamete is called the sperm Homologous chromosomes are matched pairs containing the same genes in identical locations along their lengths
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